How the New York Times can fight back and win

Tom Grubisich is senior Web editor at the World Bank, a former reporter at the Washington Post and a frequent contributor to OJR.

You don’t have to be a Cassandra to fear for the New York Times. Its stock is at a 12-year low. Wall Street is trying to defenestrate the Sulzberger family, which bought the Times 111 years ago and has ruled it even since the company went public in 1967. Ad revenue at the print Times, as well as the Boston Globe and other Times-owned papers, is weak, and the Times’ national circulation, after years of trending upward, is starting to slip.

But perhaps the Times’ worst news is Rupert Murdoch. In what Madison Avenue describes as the “dog-eat-dog” competition for ad dollars, he seems ready to weaponize his newly acquired Wall Street Journal by broadening the paper’s appeal with stronger international and Washington coverage, possibly converting the website from paid to free (or at least giving away more content) and re-purposing WSJ content for other News Corp. platforms, including the dizzyingly popular but not yet fully realized social media site, MySpace. The biggest target of such a multi-front offensive would be the Times.

How can the Times survive this onslaught? In a media world where print is not just mature but senescent, the only answer is nytimes.com. The Times’ website is no slouch. It is, in fact, the company’s best-performing property. It is the most popular newspaper site in unique visitors, beating its nearest rivals, USA Today and the Washington Post, by 50 percent. In June, it had 12.5 million unique visitors, according to Nielsen/Net Ratings. The Nielsen report also said nytimes.com became the top newspaper site in average time per user each month, at 27 minutes and 34 seconds. [Corrected from original, which cited that figure as per user visit, rather than per user each month.] Those numbers will surely improve if and when the Times scraps TimesSelect, its attempt to monetize its marquee columnists and other attractive features as premium content, a valiant strategy in 2005, but unsupportable against the Murdoch offensive. But a 100-percent free nytimes.com won’t begin to produce enough new ad revenue to offset falling ad and circulation revenues at the Times’ print operations. To save those properties, nytimes.com must be reinvented. It must become a total Web 2.0 news and social media site. It must transform its users into participants and attract many more of them. Nytimes.com should embrace social media with more goodies than USA Today’s tepid experiment, as Steve Rubel urged in his Micro Persuasion blog last March.

It can.

These are some of the traffic-building initiatives a full-blown 2.0 nytimes.com could take:

  • Poll participants on what they consider the top 25 challenges globally and nationally. Nytimes.com would announce and benchmark the choices to shape its day-to-day coverage. (The print Times would be free to decide how it wants to incorporate the choices in its coverage.)
  • Use crowdsourcing to help put together important but hard-to-assemble stories like a checklist of the most structurally deficient bridges in the U.S., or the biggest holes in domestic security. The site could create Google mash-ups to produce some stunning interactive maps that would compare the readiness of cities, especially ports and international entry points.
  • Produce more inside-outside content, like what happened when foreign-affairs columnist Nick Kristof held his Win a Trip With Nick Kristof contest.
  • Create or bring on board culturally adventurous blogs like Freakonomics.
  • Open the door to editorial decision-making with a live video where participants can lob comments at board members… and maybe influence their positions on issues.
  • Let participants register on the site with their biographies and other personal information, a la MySpace and Facebook, and give them opportunities, with widgets, etc., to extend the nytimes.com menu well beyond its presently constricted state. The 12.5 million adult users who now come to nytimes.com include platinum-plus demographics, but also 3 million people who didn’t graduate from college, which gives the site some healthy diversity. Imagine the classifieds that those 12.5 million folks could post! How about looking for a man [woman] who wants to help wipe out poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa?
  • Develop a network of local-local sub-sites across the U.S. With its millions of users spread across America, nytimes.com could jump-start hyperlocal coverage by helping citizen contributors produce content that goes beyond vacation photos and cheerleading-camp announcements. The Times’ deep editorial resources could be deployed, when needed, to mentor citizens – retirees, stay-at-home moms and dads, and community activists who would be thrilled to be part of nytimes.com.

    A fully participatory nytimes.com with thousands of hyperlocal sub-sites could, I believe, double traffic to 25 million users. Look at how MySpace and Facebook, which started from nothing, grew. Veronis Suhler Stevenson says in its new report that online ad revenues will soar to nearly $62 billion by 2011, at which point the Web will pass print newspapers. If nytimes.com transform itself into a bigger, livelier and more inclusive news and social media site, wouldn’t advertisers be beating on its door?

    In the 1970s, the Times, then totally print, reinvented the Gray Lady with a series of exciting new sections, science, food and fashion among them, that literally saved the newspaper with an infusion of new revenue. Thirty years later, nytimes.com can and must do something as bold and creative, for the same life-or-death reason.

  • Encourage entrepreneurship in your newsroom; don't kill it

    You can’t pay the bills with your reputation. Yet, concerns about newsrooms staffers doing “something” that might hurt the paper’s, or the station’s, reputation are killing the news industry’s ability to innovate at a critical moment in its history.

    Richard R. Klick of the Daily Herald in Arlington, Ill. reminded me of this issue when he posted this query to the Online News Association‘s e-mail list earlier this month:

    “Our organization is looking into setting up guidelines for staff members who also have non-business-related blogs outside the newsroom. There is a lot of discussion in our organization whether we need such guides for our staffers, who represent and, by association, are linked to the newspaper whether they are on or off duty.”

    I’ve heard the same question from several other newsroom editors. It’s a fair question, and one that would deserve greater weight if newsrooms were not losing so many readers to blogs, discussion forums and other online information destinations.

    Few newsroom managers today have worked in a newspaper war. (I consider myself fortunate to have spent four years competing in Denver’s, in the late 1990s.) But that’s what we all face today, except that the competition isn’t another daily. It’s everyone else on the Web.

    As I wrote in response to the ONA list, “newspapers need to be creating a culture of blogging and online entrepreneurship in their newsrooms, not choking it to death.” Too many guidelines about outside Web projects send a clear message to staffers: “Don’t go there.”

    Here is my opposite approach: A five-step plan for dealing with reporters and editors in your newsroom who want to blog, or try anything else online outside their traditional job description:

    Step One: The answer is ‘yes’

    Analysis paralysis has been killing newsrooms’ response to new online competition for the past decade.

  • A reporter’s outside discussion board might publish something that would embarrass the paper.
  • A newsroom video blog might not attract and readers or advertisers.
  • A newsroom blogger might stray from the paper’s core mission, hurting morale in the newsroom

    All very valid “mights.” But here is what is certain: A newsroom that doesn’t do something fresh which connects its employees with more readers and advertisers, right now, is going to find itself on the auction block very soon.

    Jack Lail, Managing Editor/Multimedia at Scripps’ Knoxville News-Sentinel (one of the few chains that hasn’t been bought, folded or targeted in the Internet era), offers a better approach: “We had a food writer who said, ‘I’d like to do a regular cooking video.’ We didn’t say, we’d think about it or discuss the potential with advertising and marketing. Nope. We paired her with an online producer and we shoot two segments a month in the writer’s kitchen. The videos go into a vblog, onto our local channel in the AP Video Network and into YouTube.”

    As I wrote on the ONA list: “If the topic of the outside blog is of interest to more than a handful of offline acquaintances, why not have the reporter publish the blog ‘in house?’”

    Step Two: If your tech can’t support it, go outside

    But what happens if your writer wants to do something that your newsroom’s online content management system cannot support?

    No sweat. Find one of the thousands of Web hosts out there, running any one of hundreds of content management or scripting systems, that can do what your writer wants. You should be able to find a secure shared hosting plan for under $50. That’s a miscellaneous expense in most newsrooms. And don’t worry about using a free service such as Blogger or WordPress.com. Plenty of great sites have started on those services.

    Step Three: Forget the branding, but not the ads

    Every publisher or station manager I’ve met obsessed over brand. And that’s kept many of their managers from approving individual projects that would live on outside servers without the employer’s name and logo.

    But let’s not forget that publishers and station managers are not in the business of building brands. That’s simply a means to the more important end of attracting readers and viewers… and connecting them with advertisers. Let staffers do what they want on the Web, wherever they want to do it. And don’t worry about whether they carry the newsroom’s brand (though staffers should ID themselves in the “About Me” section of their blog or website).

    If staffers are going to run advertising on outside Web projects, though, insist that they serve their employer’s ads. Every newsroom ad server ought to generate a javascript snippet that staffers can drop into their webpages, a la Google AdSense, to display their employers’ ads. Ideally, the ad server should give sales reps the ability to target ads to specific staffers’ projects, as well. This will get your ad sales staff a fresh opportunity to sell into highly targetted blogs and niche web projects.

    If your organization’s ad staff can’t support this, then, at the very least, create a Google AdSense or Yahoo! Publisher Network account for outside projects until your ad sales and tech folks get up to speed.

    Step Four: Give ‘em a taste of the action

    Here’s where you encourage staffers to try something new: Reward ‘em if they deliver. And not just with a “good going!” in their job reviews. Track ad impressions by project (using your internal ad tracking or Google/Yahoo solution, above), and pay staffers a cut of the revenue that their online projects generate. (At least 50 percent, in my opinion.)

    Publish those numbers in the newsroom, too, so others can see what their colleagues are making by launching and maintaining new products online.

    Step Five: Help your innovators communicate

    Even staffers publishing solo projects shouldn’t have to work alone. When I spoke at the Orlando Sentinel last month, I urged managers there to create an e-mail list for their staff bloggers, so that they could share successes, monitor failures and brainstorm together even as they worked on separate blogs.

    Don’t think for a moment that all those solo bloggers and Web publishers you compete with each day are working alone in their basements or rec rooms. The best bloggers and publishers keep in touch through sites such as Webmaster World, A List Apart and TechCrunch. A newspaper’s, or a station’s, strength is its experienced staff. Why shouldn’t your emerging newsroom entrepreneurs use that advantage? Encourage them to monitor the sites I’ve listed (as well as, ahem, OJR) but set up ways to allow them to communicate easily with one another, as well.

    This solution not only will speed development, but it can help minimize, or at least swiftly correct, the errors and embarrassments that managers feared in the first place. Having newsroom staffers read and react to each others’ projects put extra trained eyeballs on them, eyeballs that can catch typos, bugs and bad netiquette before they blow up in the paper’s face.

    Robust internal criticism, coupled with widely available readership stats and income data, will make clear which projects have a long-term future, either under or apart from the newsroom’s brand, and which ones do not. If a project fails to catch on, allow the staffer the option to continue it on their own time and own dime. But newsrooms need to change their cultures from one where writers are afraid of blogging and Web publishing to one where writers are more afraid not to try them.

  • L.A. Times uses mapping, databases to build interactive homicide map

    Eric Ulken is the editor, interactive technology, for latimes.com. He also is a former student editor for OJR.

    I’d like to draw your attention to a new feature that launched on latimes.com this week: The Homicide Map is a visual interface to the Homicide Report, Times reporter Jill Leovy’s effort to chronicle every homicide in Los Angeles County.

    As of July 30, The Times has counted 496 homicides in L.A. County. While the Homicide Report focuses on the individual victims, this tool helps users analyze the broader geographic and demographic trends within that staggering figure.

    The Homicide Map enables users to:

  • Filter homicides by victim’s race, gender, cause of death, and other parameters
  • Find homicides near an address and/or ZIP code
  • View photos of victims and link to Leovy’s reports (and the sometimes heartbreaking user comments that accompany them)
  • Get customized updates on an RSS reader or in Google Earth

    We’re excited about the marriage of great Times reporting with a data-rich visual interface.