Free Web-based production tools help students invigorate online news projects

What can online journalism students create with no budget and no programming skills?

That’s what I set out to find with my J309 class at the University of Southern California’s Annenberg School of Journalism this spring. The class is Annenberg’s “Introduction to Online Publishing,” a required capstone course in our undergraduate core curriculum and students’ first (and only) required course in online journalism.

This is the first year for the course and I wanted the students to leave the semester with an individual final project that showcased what they’d learned in both this course and the core curriculum. Along the way, I provided a brief history of Internet media and an overview of ethical and economic issues surrounding online publishing. The heart of the class was their individual blogs (linked in the blogroll), where I assigned weekly writing and reporting exercises.

Ultimately, I hoped that at least a few of the students would develop a love for online publishing, while the others would at least recognize how they
could create interactive and multimedia news projects with little technical effort.

To that end, I challenged students to find free online tools that would support such work. Below, I list the tools my students used this semester, followed by links to their final projects. (I did teach students basic HTML hardcoding skills, as well.)

Of course, online journalists can create far more engaging work with custom-programmed Flash movies, purpose-built content management systems and smart modification of a variety of open source development tools. But that is work for the advanced online journalism student. For these undergraduates, I did not want potentially intimidating development tools to squash what I hoped would be an emerging passion for working online.

And to further encourage that, I turned students loose to choose whatever topic they wished in reporting their final projects. Predictably, I got several food- and sports-related websites. But I don’t mind. Passion developed in personal web publishing projects can help inspire students to enliven more serious reporting projects in the future.

Tools

None of the following tools required programming skill to implement; all provided point-and-click user interfaces. And the price was right for a student budget, as all the following tools are free.

Blogger.com
Google’s blogging tool remains one of the Web’s more popular. Students used Blogger for their weekly class blogging assignments, and several used the tool to publish their final projects as well.

Google Maps
Google Maps weren’t on our radar until late in the semester, when Google introduced a customizing tool that allows users to create multipoint maps with user-supplied links and photos for each map point. Previously, one needed to use often-clunky third-part tools, or Google’s API to create such maps. With the new tool, however, tech novices can publish sophisticated custom maps with minimal effort. (Now, if only they could be embedded in a remote webpage….)

Google Pages
Google Pages allows users to publish flat webpages, using a selection of templates. Users can control the HTML within the template design, but do not have the flexibility that they would with hardcoding the page from scratch. As with many Google projects, Google Pages are in beta, and students encountered frequent connectivity problems when updating pages. Still, this proved to be a convenient alternative for students who were looking for Dreamweaver-like production environment, but who didn’t want to make the trek to a campus computer lab or buy their own software.

Jimdo.com
Lying somewhere between Google Pages and WordPress, Jimdo is another free, hosted webpage tool that allows users to create websites that break from the traditional blog format.

mixmonsta.com
Mixmonsta enables users to create embedded audio and video mash-ups through a relatively simple Web-based interface.

ProBoards
This is a handy, free, hosted online discussion board tool, which allowed one student to create a question-and-answer board for her project site, without having to install or manage a PHP or Perl application.

Slide.com
Slide’s been the go-to source for crafting Flash frat-party photo slideshows for MySpace pages. But there’s no reason why a journalism student couldn’t use the Slide tool for a news project. No, you don’t get the craftmanship of a custom Flash movie, but you can put these shows together in less than five minutes, and with zippo tech expertise needed.

Webshots.com
Webshots has long offered free photo hosting, but now also offers a Flash slideshow feature, like Slide.com. Some students preferred Webshot’s Flash app, saying that it looked more professional than Slide.com’s.

WordPress.com
WordPress seems like the king of blogging software at this point. But my students opted for the hosted WordPress.com platform, rather than take on the more technically challenging task of managing their own WordPress installation.

YouTube
There’s no easier way to put video on a blog than YouTube. All my students have used YouTube in the past, as viewers, and were pleasantly surprised to find how simply they could employ YouTube as publishers.

The Sites

ATLA Music
Helza Irizarry

Irizarry, and Atlanta resident, employed a variety of audio and video tools, along with WordPress, to create an online guide to the collision of Southern- and West Coast-flavored hip hop.

The BBQ Fanatic’s Guide to Texas-Style Ribs in L.A.
Megan Seely

Food blogs proved popular among my students, who embraced the chance to take care of meals and homework at the same time. Seely tried several cuisines before settling on her online homage to L.A.’s best B-rated BBQ dives.

Best Jazz in L.A.
Elsa Bertet

Bertet used still and video photography in her attempt to capture the viewing experience at a selection of clubs popular with USC students.

The Conquest of South Central
Carley Dryden

Dryden set out to investigate Conquest Housing, the largest private landlord for USC students living off-campus. She recorded many students’ horror stories with Conquest, the talked with university and real estate experts to provide perspective.

Down with Downtown
Kyle Cabodi

More USC students are living in downtown L.A., a mile or so up the road from USC’s campus. That, along with new commercial and entertainment development, are helping support revive residential development in the city’s historic core. Cabodi shot several photo galleries of downtown development and conducted interviews with developers and residents for his project.

L.A. Dinner and a Movie
Lindsey Kaiser

This project blended a smart mash-up of Blogger with custom Google Maps to provide a venue-based guide to good restaurants located near popular Los Angeles movie theaters.

The O.C. Source
Cindy Santos

Santos, an Orange County resident, said she wanted to create for Orange County what LAObserved publisher Kevin Roderick has done for Los Angeles.

Ride Hard
Sandra Altamirano

Altamirano documented her and her friends’ obsession with motorcycling on this blog, which used first-person accounts, interviews and, rather graphic, photo galleries.

Rotting Off the Vine
Geoff Rynex

Chicago Cubs fan Rynex used Jimdo and Blogger to reflect on his favorite baseball team, from 2,000 miles away, while providing links to other virtual gathering places for away-from-the-friendly-confines Cubs fans.

Ventura County Burger Shacks
Leland Ornelaz

Ornelaz ate is way across L.A. County’s northwest neighbor, eschewing chains for historic hamburger stands, which he photographed and reviewed for this blog.

Wine 101
Calli Fisher

Fisher turned 21 during the semester and celebrated by creating a site where students like her could learn to become knowledgeable wine drinkers.

Students and instructors from other universities are welcomed to describe their online journalism projects on OJR. E-mail editor Robert Niles — rniles [at] usc.edu — for more information.

Betting on tomorrow's news

Predicting future events has always been uncertain, but prediction market websites like NewsFutures.com have made betting on the news a viable–and often fun–activity for Web users.

Launched in 2000, the more than 15,000 active users of the French-based NewsFutures can buy and sell shares in markets set up so that people can bet on the probability of what is likely to happen in the future. Site users can bet on whether military action will occur against Iran this year, or whether or not Prince Albert of Monaco will marry before the summer of 2007.

The company’s CEO and co-founder, Emile Servan-Schreiber, 43, said he formulated the idea of NewsFutures after reading an article about so-called decision markets in a magazine.

“I was a journalist at the time and I thought: Wow, what a great way to involve the readers, to make them interact with the news rather than just read about it. What rich reader feedback we could get from a prediction market! Tell them the news of today and they’ll feedback their predictions about tomorrow’s news,” said Servan-Schreiber.

Initially partnered with USAToday.com, NewsFutures is now one of the most widely known news prediction market sites in the U.S., with two to three million hits per month, even though no real money is involved. Part of the fun in participating in NewsFutures is trying to raise the play-money to as high a total as possible, and becoming one of the top traders on the site.

“I admit, the TopTraders link was only an interesting feature at first, something I looked at and said, ‘Who are these people that have so much money,’” said user gobuckeyes, who wished to remain anonymous.

“Where it all changed for me, was when I hit the top one hundred one night. I only had my portfolio up to about $200,000 at the time but there, all of a sudden, was I at number ninety-eight. It seemed a whole new drive took over to try and stay there, and climb it.”

Even though there is no real money involved, users are able to trade in their play-money for personal prizes, such as gift certificates to Amazon.com, books, and DVD’s.

Gobuckeyes, a construction industry supplier in his mid-50s, prefers to use his play-money on charity auctions. He has contributed $90 to his chosen charities.

One of the most rewarding parts of the Web site for gobuckeyes is that it has allowed him to delve into topics that he would not normally be informed about, helping him to gain knowledge and learn.

“NewsFutures is so much more than the cursory glance one gets when seeing it as a substitute or distracting agent for those who like to gamble. There are plenty of pretend-gambling sites on the Web. NewsFutures is a nothing of the kind. It is a learning tool like no other I’ve seen,” said gobuckeyes.

NewsFutures combines personal knowledge with research and information aggregation so groups can assess the current information and collectively make decisions and predictions about what’s going to happen next in the news.

“This is a game of assessing the current probabilities and determining if the price is appropriate for the current probabilities. More ‘money’ is made by making that correct assessment and selling the shares that you managed to buy at a discount, based on your assessment, and immediately selling those shares at your assessed probabilities,” said site user and former admin, cujo, who wished to remain anonymous. “The whole concept of in-game continuous betting is that the probabilities change. That’s the fun of this game.”

Using information as currency and assessing probabilities for what is likely to happen in the future can sometimes lead to startlingly accurate predictions.

“The NewsFutures play-money marketplace is as accurate as real-money marketplaces like Tradesports. It is also more accurate than almost all individual ‘experts,'” said Servan-Schreiber.

But more than just forecast events, the prediction markets have other values as well.

“Phrasing possible outcomes and assigning probabilities to them is a major journalistic contribution of prediction markets. That’s at least as much a journalistic contribution as that of opinion polls,” said Servan-Schreiber. “Giving people reasons to care about what is happening in the world, as prediction markets do in their own interactive way, is a journalistic mission.”

For some people, NewsFutures is also just another way to pass the time.

“I do it for fun. It has the fun of betting sports, without losing real money. It’s a challenge,” said Darin Brock, 41, a hotel broker from Grapevine, Texas.

Brock has ranked first at the Web site twice in the last four years, and his goal is to return to the pole position rather than win prizes. The probability of that happening is yet to be seen, just like countless other events waiting to happen, and NewsFutures will be there to assess the possible outcomes.

J-schools step up investigative reporting instruction with News21

Raise your hand if you remember the following assignments from journalism school: The obit. The neighborhood piece. The ten-week investigation into the Department of Homeland Security’s budget.

No? Last one wasn’t on your syllabus? For 44 student fellows in a journalism education project called News 21, it’s exactly the type of investigative journalism they’re working on this summer.

News 21 — short for News for the 21st Century — is a partnership among five universities (Columbia, Harvard, Northwestern, the University of California at Berkeley and the University of Southern California [publisher of OJR]) that’s sending its fellows across the country and the world to do investigate reporting on a series of complicated topics and long-term issues.

Funded by the Carnegie Corporation and the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, the three-year project began this spring and recently sent fellows to Korea to report on the U.S. military, to Mexico and Arizona to report on immigration concerns, and to the offices and anterooms of Washington D.C. to investigate the Department of Homeland Security’s finances.

While the project’s short term goal is to publish fellows’ work in mainstream news outlets, News 21’s organizers hope that, long term, the project will do nothing less than revitalize the nation’s top journalism schools.

“In a world where large news organizations are shrinking and are certain to shrink further, in-depth stories like what we’re doing aren’t being done,” said Merrill Brown, former editor-in-chief of MSNBC.com and the project’s editorial director. “And they won’t get done in our view without new institutions jumping in and figuring out how to do them. That’s where News 21 comes in.”

Taking over where newsrooms leave off?

The project has four newsrooms on four campuses. (Harvard, which doesn’t have a graduate journalism program, does not have a newsroom, but contributes fellows to each of the campuses.) Each newsroom is led by a coordinator who has several years of reporting experience.

Students apply to News 21 during the school year, and chosen fellows attend a semester-long seminar on the topic they will be covering during the ensuing ten-week summer program. Each university focuses on a different topic: Columbia fellows cover the Department of Homeland Security; USC fellows cover the immigration debate; Berkeley students cover the U.S. military abroad; and Northwestern students cover privacy and national security.

“They’re not just diving into these things cold, they’re actually experts,” said Brown, referring to the seminar. “The point of that is to try and encourage universities to make the link between topics and coverage so that journalism school isn’t simply about the craft but about preparing people to do great reporting about complicated subjects.”

Those complicated subjects are exactly the ones getting passed over in newsrooms today, according to Brant Houston, director of Investigative Reporters and Editors, Inc. Houston said that every year, investigative reporting continues a downturn in prominence.

“Investigative reporting relies almost exclusively on the individuals putting in lots and lots of time and effort for which they’re usually not compensated, except to have the story done,” he said. “Any program that that promotes investigative reporting especially during this time of increased government secrecy is a good thing.”

Some of the fellows are determined to uncover those secrets.

Jeff Delviscio, who graduated from Columbia’s graduate journalism school in May, said that, in his experience, employers are looking for specialists. News 21 helps him to develop contacts in his topic area — how the Department of Homeland Security protects chemicals from tampering — and the time to do good work.

Vanessa Gregory, currently in South Korea investigating U.S. military conduct, said she joined News 21 because it gives her more experience with a subject on which she’s wanted to report for a while, and which she wouldn’t have been able to report otherwise.

Some fellows are already publishing their work in mainstream outlets. Fellows at USC recently completed a television package about how two cities are dealing with immigration issues. That package, called “A Tale of Two Cities: San Bernadino and Maywood” will be the first News 21 piece to publish, and will appear on July 21st on Los Angeles public television station KCET.

“Our charge at USC was to serve local TV mainly,” said Judy Muller, USC’s coordinator for the project. “And we consider KCET to be local television, even though it will be seen all over the state. We’re also working on getting some stories on ABC. We’ve got a cover story for LA Weekly coming up.”

Coordinators said that the initial focus was for each campus to publish to a specific medium. However, the unpredictable nature of working with the press has caused the coordinators to concentrate on online publishing as well.

“Everybody kind of realized that the partners who may match up with the schools, that’s a real variable,” said Adam Glenn, multimedia coordinator for the Columbia campus. “But the one thing we do own is the Web. Our website is something that all the projects can control. There’s been an evolving focus on how we can deliver this to our website.”

News 21 fellows have already taken their first steps online. A few of the fellows entered the project with experience reporting or working online, and each reporting team posts to a blog.

In May the students and coordinators gathered at Berkeley, where Berkeley multimedia coordinator Jane Ellen Stevens demonstrated several ways to produce reporting for an online audience. Stevens explained how they can combine still images, video, and non-linear storytelling methods to produce stories that are “contextually rich.”

Some fellows are learning how to use their video camera as a reporter’s notebook, Stevens said. Eventually, they may be able to use parts of that video for a podcast, or spin off copy for a print project.

Fellows are using other non-traditional reporting tools as well. Columbia fellow Kody Akhavi, who had some experience with Flash before the project, is studying how to use Flash’s scripting abilities to publish maps and timelines to complement online stories.

“Flash is just a vehicle for me to tell stories,” said Kody, who started experimenting with the animation tool to create a website for his former band. “There’s still a question whether investigative journalism is best expressed in new media. You can’t do it with everything, but the opportunity is there.”

Of course, a large project such as News 21 is bound to face some obstacles.

“I think the fellows get it,” Stevens said, when asked whether the educators were enthusiastic about the online media component.

But some coordinators, while enthusiastic about the project as a whole, expressed frustration with project’s online plans. And a few fellows are hesitant to fully endorse how the universities approach online media.

Rich Gordon, multimedia coordinator at the Medill School at Northwestern, said the universities were late to address the online component of the project.

“Carnegie has two goals for the program, though I’m not sure they’re equal,” he said. “One is to get stories delivered through traditional media. Two is experiment with innovative ways to do these stories. Each school is focusing first on the story problem. Only with the second it’s been like, uh-oh, we better figure out how to deliver this online.”

Hiring the multimedia coordinators and other support staff was one solution to that problem, Gordon said. All four of the multimedia coordinators have significant experience with producing work for the Web, or with converting non-Web pieces to work online.

The coordinators have to be mindful of what the students want to concentrate on as well. The fellows are enthusiastic about the possibilities of online journalism, though many say they’re mostly interested in reporting regardless of medium.

The program hopes to announce this month several partners in the press who will be publishing the fellows’ work.

“We want to demonstrate that a brand new institution with some resources can create something with meaning without necessarily having to have distribution capability of the New York Times or CBS news,” said Brown.

“I think it’s an exciting opportunity for the students and the faculty. It’s a process of all of us learning and teaching one another.”

[This version was corrected from the original to distinguish between coordinators and multimedia coordinators for each of the participating schools.]